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315,000 Years Ago
The earliest known humans emerge and live on the African continent.
All human beings today belong to the Homo sapiens species, and it is widely accepted amongst researchers, historians, and scientists, that all of human history began on the continent of Africa. The exact location in Africa is a topic of constant debate as remains have been found in various locations throughout the continent, such as Ethiopia, Kenya, and Morocco, though researchers suggest it was most likely in the Horn of Africa. The oldest known remains of our species to date has been found in Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and dated about 315,000 years ago.
250,000 Years Ago
Modern humans begin to disperse and migrate out of Africa.
Early modern humans expanded to Western Eurasia and Central, Western and Southern Africa from the time of their emergence. Evidence of migration out of Africa, via a partial skull, was discovered in the Apidima Cave in southern Greece and is dated more than 210,000 years old. There were several waves of migrations, many via northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula about 130,000 YA (Years Ago), though most of these early waves appear to have mostly died out or retreated by 80,000 YA.
c. 200,000 - 130,000 Years Ago
Mitochondrial Eve, the most recent woman from whom all living humans descend, lives in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Mitochondrial Eve (the name alludes to the biblical Eve) is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor of all living humans. In other words, she is defined as the most recent woman from whom all living humans descend in an unbroken line purely through their mothers and through the mothers of those mothers, back until all lines converge on one woman. In 1987, geneticists compared the mitochondrial DNA (genetic information passed from mothers to their offspring) of people from different populations around the world and find that they all link in an unbroken line to Mitochondrial Eve. This does not mean that she was the first woman, nor the only living female of her time, nor the first member of a "new species." It only means that she is the most recent female ancestor to which all living humans are linked. She was believed to have lived in either East Africa or Botswana.
c. 10,000 BC - 6,000 BC
Due to a tilt in the Earth’s axis, the Sahara transforms from a humid region rich with grasslands and water, to an arid desert, prompting Saharan Africans to migrate to the Nile Valley.
The earliest Egyptians were indigenous Africans who were drawn to the Sahara when it was a humid region rich in grasslands and with plentiful water. There was a widespread Saharan Neolithic culture. However, during this same period (c. 10,000 - c. 6,000 BC), the Earth's axis tilted, causing the Saharan climate to slowly transform from humid to arid, prompting Saharan Africans to migrate to the Nile Valley to take advantage of its fertile floodplains.
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Home / Full timeline / The California Supreme Court ruled that the state constitutional amendment that nullified California fair-housing laws was in violation of the U.S. Constitution.

The California Supreme Court ruled that the state constitutional amendment that nullified California fair-housing laws was in violation of the U.S. Constitution.; ?> The California Supreme Court ruled that the state constitutional amendment that nullified California fair-housing laws was in violation of the U.S. Constitution.

1966 (May 10)

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The California Supreme Court ruled that the state constitutional amendment that nullified California fair-housing laws was in violation of the U.S. Constitution. The state amendment, known as Proposition 14, had been placed on the general election ballot in November of 1964 and was approved by a 2 to 1 margin. It provided that no state or local agency could interfere with a real estate owner's "absolute discretion" in the sale and rental of property. In effect, it nulled California open-housing ordinances and sanctioned discrimination in selling or renting property. But the state supreme court's 5 to 2 decision held that it was "beyond dispute" that the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause secured "the right to acquire and possess property of every kind" without racial or religious discrimination. The court overruled a lower court's rejection of a complaint by Lincoln W. Mulkey against apartment owners in Orange County. The lower court had ruled that the California open housing acts on which Mulkey's petition was based had been rendered "null and void" by the passage of Proposition 14. Six companion cases were also covered by the state court's order. Governor Edmund Brown, who had announced in March of 1966 that $200 million in federal urban-renewal funds had been withheld from California because of Proposition 14, promptly announced that the state court's decision would be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court and that until then he would continue to enforce Proposition 14. State Attorney General Thomas Lynch, however, said he would resume enforcement of the open-occupancy laws of 1959 and 1963 that had been invalidated by Proposition 14.

References:

  •  • Hornsby, Alton. Chronology of African-American History: Significant Events and People from 1619 to the Present. Detroit: Gale Research, 1995.
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